International

Rules of origin are the rules to attribute a country of origin to a product in order to determine it “economic nationality”. The need to establish rules of origin stems from the fact that the implementation of trade policy measures, such as tariffs, quotas, trade remedies, in various cases, depends on the country of origin … Read more

ICANN is the short form for Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers which manages the maintenance of namespaces and numerical spaces which enable secure and stable operation of the internet. ICANN performs the technical maintenance of IP Address pools and Domain Name Servers(DNS). ICANN was incorporated in California on September 30, 1998. Its formation … Read more

SCO was formulated in 1996 with five countries- Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, China, Tajikistan. Uzbekistan joined in the group in 2001. The primary motive behind the formation was to ensure stability along the borders. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic, and security organisation, the creation of which was announced on 15 June … Read more

India enjoys an important position in the global pharmaceuticals sector. It is the largest provider of generic medicines globally, occupying a 20% share in global supply by volume, and also supplies 50% of global demand for vaccines the largest in the world. India ranks 3rd worldwide for production by volume and 13th by value, thereby … Read more

With the Truman Doctrine, President Harry S. Truman established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces. The Truman Doctrine effectively reoriented U.S. foreign policy, away from its usual stance of withdrawal from regional conflicts not directly involving the United … Read more

Earlier, European Union represented one economic market as an economic union with free  trade with each other. The Euro zone came into existence with the signing of Maastricht  treaty signed during 1992, of a monetary union, one central bank and single currency,  replacing country specific currencies in the European Union. As a result, the Euro … Read more

At the fourth BRICS Summit in New Delhi (2012), the leaders of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa considered the possibility of setting up a new Development Bank  to mobilize resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in BRICS  and other emerging economies, as well as in developing countries. They directed Finance  Ministers to … Read more

Patent A patent is granted for an invention which is a new product or process involving an  inventive step and capable of industrial application. “New invention ’ means the subject  matter has not fallen in public domain or that it does not form part of the state of the  art; Inventive step is the feature(s) … Read more

The Agreement on Agriculture seeks to ensure that agricultural trade is not distorted through the use of subsidies. Agricultural support measures are classified as belonging to two major groups:  domestic support and general support; and  export subsidies. In WTO non-legal terminology, domestic subsidies to agricultural products are identified by special “boxes” which are … Read more