Permanent winds are also called invariable or planetary wind systems because they blow over larger areas of the earth. They blow in the same direction throughout the year.
Trade Winds
These flow from subtropical high-pressure belts to equatorial low-pressure belts in both hemispheres north and south. These are known as Northeast trade winds in the northern hemisphere and southeast trade winds in the Southern hemisphere. Their direction of movement is NE to SW in the northern hemisphere and SE to NW in the southern hemisphere.
Westerlies
Westerlies flow from subtropical high-pressure belts to sub-polar low-pressure belts to both hemispheres north and south. Their direction of movement is SW to NE in the northern hemisphere and NW to SE in the southern hemisphere. The dominance of land in the northern hemisphere makes westerlies less effective due to obstruction.
Polar Winds
They flow from polar high-pressure belts to subpolar low-pressure belts in both hemispheres north and south. Their direction is NE to SW in the northern hemisphere and SE to NW in the southern hemisphere. They are stronger and intensified during the winter season and are responsible for causing blizzards.
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