India In Global Indices - Bihar PSC Exam Notes

India in Global Indices

Global Innovation Index

The Global Innovation Index (GII) is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, innovation. It is published by Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual Property Organization, in partnership with other organisations and institutions, and is based on both subjective and objective data derived from several sources, including the International Telecommunication Union, the World Bank and the World Economic Forum.

India’s current position

India has jumped five places to rank 52 in the Global Innovation Index 2019, up from the 57 it had in last year’s rankings. India’s rise in the rankings has been a consistent trend over the last few years. It had ranked 81 in 2015, which rose to 66 in 2016, 60 in 2017 and 57 in 2018.

India is consistently among the top in the world in innovation drivers such as ICT services exports, graduates in science and engineering, the quality of universities, gross capital formation a measure of economy-wide investments and creative goods exports.

The report also highlighted that India stands out in the world’s top science and technology clusters, with Bengaluru, Mumbai, and New Delhi featuring among the top 100 global clusters.

Global Competitiveness Index

Featuring the new Global Competitiveness Index, the Report assesses the competitiveness landscape of 140 economies, providing unique insight into the drivers of economic growth in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Current position of india

The country’s favourable demographic has earned it a rank of 58 among 140 countries in the World Economic Forum’s (WEF) latest global competitiveness index. This was mainly because it is home to the third largest market in the world after China and the US, according to the WEF report.

While India’s ranking is 18 places down from last year, the WEF has clarified that the 2018 index employs a majority of new factors such as workforce diversity, labour rights, e-governance, and disruptive businesses. This is the largest gain among all G20 economies. India is the leader among the South Asian economies.

The WEF has credited India’s large market size as its major asset. India was also among the best in four sub-categories.

Shareholder governance
Airport connectivity
GDP per capita (by purchasing power parity)
Quality of research institutions

China is already more advanced when it comes to investing in research and development… than the average high-income economy, while India is not far behind, and let down only by its less-efficient bureaucracy for business creation and insolvency,” the WEF report says. “The catch-up process is reflected in the emergence of Chinese and Indian companies in technology-intensive sectors”.

India ranks among the bottom 20 countries in:

Female participation in labour force
Trade tariffs
Terrorism incidence

India also has a dismal student-teacher ratio in schools (35.2), an insolvency recovery rate of 26.4 cents for every dollar, and imports make up 23% of its GDP.

The report also says that “relatively low performance on soundness of banks and regulatory capital ratios” are holding back the stability of India’s financial system.

Despite India having the second largest user base of smartphones, mobile and internet penetration is still low, and it takes 29.8 days to start a business in the country.

Global Creativity Index

Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something new and somehow valuable is formed. The created item may be intangible or a physical object.Scholarly interest in creativity involves many definitions and concepts pertaining to a number of disciplines: psychology, cognitive science, education, philosophy , technology, theology, sociology, linguistics, business studies, songwriting, and economics, covering the relations between creativity and general intelligence, mental and neurological processes,

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The study says that Australia was found to be the most creative, with a global ranking of 1 in talent, 4 in tolerance, and 7 in technology. The US was ranked second while being 3rd in talent, 4th in technology and 11th in tolerance. New Zealand came in 3rd, as it was 3rd in tolerance, 7th in tech, and 8th in talent.

India’s rank is pretty bad in all the three T’s. In the global technology India is at 71st and in the innovations our country stand at 52nd. Similarly in global talent, we stand at the rank of 92nd. In tolerance, which includes the racial and ethnic tolerance India has been placed at 92.

Gender parity is fundamental to whether and how economies and societies thrive. Ensuring the full development and appropriate deployment of half of the world’s total talent pool has a vast bearing on the growth, competitiveness and future-readiness of economies and businesses worldwide. The Global Gender Gap Report benchmarks 149 countries on their progress towards gender parity across four thematic dimensions: Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment.

India made no improvement in the overall gender gap ranking by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2018, compared to 2017. It stood at a low 108 out of the 149 countries in 2018, the same as in 2017.

India ranked lower on all segments – economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival ranking, and political empowerment.

The country continues to rank third-lowest in the world on health and survival. It remained the world’s least-improved country on this sub-index over the past decade. In fact, its ranking slipped to 147 on this segment in 2018, from 141 in the previous year. Only two countries were below India on this ranking — Armenia at 148 and China at 149.

Neighbouring Sri Lanka stood at the top position on the health and survival category. India’s ranking on political empowerment came down to 19 in 2018, from 15 in the previous year. The country has closed nearly 40 per cent of its gender gap on this sub-index. On political empowerment, one country — Bangladesh — has reached a level of gender parity of more than 50 per cent among South Asia. The region’s remaining countries are yet to achieve a gender parity level of at least 20 per cent.