DMPQ: What do you understand by the term soil erosion and soil degradation? what are the causes of soil erosion? List down the solution to curb soil erosion.

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Soil erosion : It is the process by which top layer of soil gets removed thus affecting the productivity by altering the structure of the soil. It is a natural process but human intervention has accentuated the rate of depletion of soil wealth.

Soil Degradation:  It is a process through which qualitative degradation of soil takes place. The reason for soil degradation are increase in salinity, water logging, toxicity and nutrient imbalance.

Reasons for soil erosion:

  • Shrinking vegetal cover is the prime cause by human intervention. The force of agent of erosion increases their activity and thus increasing the rate of soil erosion.
  • Urbanisation and population outburst lead to pressure
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on land .
  • Over grazing by livestock.
  • Climate change has increased the intensity and frequency of unwanted natural events which sometimes lead to unseasonal rain, cloud burst etc. and hence affecting soil profile.

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    Solution  to prevent soil erosion:

    • Ecological approach:
    1. Managing vegetaion
    2. Mixed farming
    3. Crop management
    4. Planting trees, afforestration
    5. Organic compost
    6. Integarted nutrient management
    • Structural engineering approach:
    1. Create mechanical structure like shelter belts, dykes in desert area
    2. Contour farming
    3. Terrace farming and bunding

     

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