Polity

The Law Commission of India, in its 228th Report, had recommended prohibition of commercial surrogacy by enacting a suitable legislation. The statement of objects and reasons of the Bill says “Due to lack of legislation to regulate surrogacy, practice of surrogacy has been misused by the surrogacy clinics, which leads to rampant of commercial surrogacy and unethical … Read more

a) To enable children to become motivated, independent and engaged readers and writers with comprehension possessing sustainable and lasting reading and writing skills and achieve learnings level appropriate to the class of study. b) To make the children understand the reasoning in the domains of number, measurement and shapes, and enable them to become independent … Read more

. India derived its political and economic structure largely from colonial rule, but values and ideals were distinctively derived from national movement and they still serve as political and ethical benchmarks for vast population. Indian national movement was an inclusive one accommodating wide ideological viewpoints. It was largely non-violent and included not only the elite … Read more

. The executive powers and functions of the Governor are: All executive actions of the government of a state are formally taken in his name. He can make rules specifying the manner in which the Orders and other instruments made and executed in his name shall be authenticated. He can make rules for more convenient … Read more

Replaced Freedom of Information Act 2002. Jammu and Kashmir has separate Right To Information Act – RTI 2009. RTI relaxes restrictions placed by Official Secrets Act 1923. 3 Levels – Public Information Officer, First Appellate Authority, Central Information Commission(CIC). Time period for Public Information Officer : Expeditiously or within 30 daysfrom the date of receipt by public authority. … Read more

  Amending the Constitution to effect simultaneous elections would fundamentally alter its democratic and federal character. a disdain for the parliamentary system and the federal arrangement Logistics costs involved is very highly: Need heavy deployment of security officials and staffs Even current elections are conducted in multiple phase to dela with the varying geographical locations. … Read more

The parliamentary control over government and administration in India is more theoretical than practical. In reality, the control is not as effective as it ought to be. The following factors are responsible for this: (a) The Parliament has neither time nor expertise to control the administration which has grown in volume as well as complexity. … Read more

Co-operative federalism is a concept of federalism in which the centre, state and local governments share responsibility in governance of the people and design policies that would enable it.Due to changing political system like emergence of strong regional parties, demands forautonomy and coalition governments in the center and the challenges of Globalization suchas International treaties, … Read more

The constitution gives Councils limited legislative powers. Unlike Rajya Sabha which has substantial powers to shape non-financial legislation, Legislative Councils lack the constitutional mandate to do so. Legislative Assemblies have the power to override suggestions/amendments made to a legislation by the Council.The Rajya Sabha has equal powers with the Lok Sabha in all spheres except … Read more

The process for the appointment of judges lies at the heart of an independent judiciary. The Second Judges’ case of 1993 led to the formation of a collegium of high-ranking judges which has since then identifying persons for appointment to the SC and high courts. While the collegium began with a desire for judicial independence, the recent … Read more