History

Salient features are as follows: Holistic involvement of all stakeholders like women, Harijan, Industralist, young and old ones. Movements were truly Mass movement. Non violence and satyagraha were two biggest element of Indian freedom struggle. Movement were well planned and their stated objective was made clear to the people and British authority. Minimum casualty and … Read more

. The Congress had boycotted the first Round Table Conference (1930) which was actively  attended by princely states, Ambedkar and other non-Congress parties. Ambedkar also raised the issue  of separate electorate for Dalits and Jinnah demanded more safeguards for the Muslims (these two demands were reflected in Communal Award of 1932). After Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhi … Read more

By accepting the Mountbatten Plan/Partition, the Congress was only accepting what had become inevitable because of the long-term failure of the Congress to draw in the Muslim masses into the national movement and stem the surging waves of Muslim communalism, which, especially since 1937, had been beating with increasing fury. The Congress leaders felt by … Read more

After the defeat of Russia, the only remaining enemy of France was England. However, it was not easy for the French fleet and troops to defeat England. As England was surrounded by sea and possessed an invincible fleet. It was well known to Napoleon that England existed on the continental trade and commerce. England can … Read more

The CDM witnessed varying role of different social group and classes . The first stage was high point of bourgeois participation in towns and controlled peasants mobilisation. Industrialist also played a great role in the freedom movement. GD birla donated approximately 5 lakhs rupees to the movement according to British Intelligence estimates. He also persuaded … Read more

The first big involvement of Jawaharlal Nehru came at the onset of the noncooperation movement in 1920. Nehru joined in whole-heartedly in this Satyagraha based movement that stormed India. Nehru was arrested on charges of anti governmental activities and was released a few months later. In the rift formed within the Congress following the sudden … Read more

Congress ministries were formed in Bombay, madras, Central provinces, Orissa, United Provinces, Bihar and later in NWPF and Assam also.  Even-though ministries had limited power congress ministries left no stone unturned to wards the social well being of the country.   The work under civil liberties: Laws giving emergency powers were repealed. Ban on illegal … Read more

The Akali Movement also known as Gurdwara Reform Movement came into full swing from the early 1920’s. Its aim was to bring reform in the working and management of Sikh Gurdwaras.The Akali Movement was created to free the Sikhs historic Gurdwaras from Mahants who were supported by the British rule.Eventually the Gurdwara Reform Act was … Read more

Early Nationalists neither desired complete independence nor adopted any aggressive attitude against the foreign government. They relied on petition, prayer, and moderate criticism of government policies as their methods. They had faith in the British idea of justice. They believed that just by drawing attention of the government towards a particular problem e.g. lack of … Read more

Sardar‘s greatest role in the integration of states was his able handling of the Hyderabad crisis. Most of the states acceded to India, Hyderabad was a landlocked state that stretched over 82,000 square miles (over 212,000 square kilometres) in southeastern India. While 87% of its 17 million people were Hindu, its ruler Nizam Osman Ali … Read more